ILAYANGUDI KURAL
]h/g;l;Ntu; vOjyhk; thq;f - C     jkpopy; KO Gj;jfk; lTd;Nyhl; nra;J nfhs;sTk;

1980fspy; muR njhiyfhl;rpfspy; nra;jp thrpg;ghsu; xUtu; kl;Lk; tUthu;. vy;yh nra;jpfisAk; mtNu thrpj;J Kbj;JtpLthu;

“,e;jpa gpujku; jpU uh[Pt; fhe;jp mtu;fs; New;W mnkupf;fr; Rw;Wg; gazk;…” vd;W Muk;gpj;J 20 epkplq;fs; ePNuhil Nghy; mjpf ,ilntsptplhJ Ngrp filrpapy;> “…,d;W yhl;]; ikjhdj;jpy; rjk; mbj;jhu;”vd;W KbAk;. ehk; ftdkhf nra;jpia ftdpf;ftpy;iy vd;why; - “,e;jpa gpujku; jpU uh[Pt; fhe;jp mtu;fs; New;W mnkupf;fr; Rw;Wg; gazk; nra;J ,d;W yhl;]; ikjhdj;jpy; rjk; mbj;jhu;” vd;W epidf;fj; Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; nra;jp thrpg;ghsu; $wpapUe;jJ – fth];fu; rjj;ijg; gw;wp.

,t;thW nghUs; nfhs;Stjw;Ff; fhuzk;> xUtNu mjpf Neuk; nra;jp thrpg;gjhy; ehk; Nfl;L fisg;gile;J tpLfpNwhk;. ftdj;ij rpjw tpLfpNwhk;. MfNtjhd; jw;NghJ jdpahu; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; (xUtopahf muR njhiyf;fhl;rpfspYk;)  xt;nthU nra;jpahf ,uz;L Ngu; khwp khwp thrpf;fpwhu;fs;. xUtu; gpujkupd; ntspehl;L gazk; gw;wpAk; kw;nwhUtu; epjp mikr;rupd; tpiythrp Vw;wj;jpw;F (kOg;gy;) gjpiyAk; mLj;J mLj;J thrpg;ghu;.

muR njhiyfhl;rpapy; nra;jp thrpg;gJ Nghy; jhd; 1980 fspYk; 1990 d; Muk;g fhy fl;lq;fspYk; ]h/g;l;Ntu; g;Nuhf;uhik tupirahf vOJthu;fs;. xU ,lj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;F nry;yNtz;Lnkdpy; me;j tupir vz;izj;jhd; Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf tpkhdk; ,wq;fpaTld; fjT jpwf;fNtz;Lk;. tpkhdk; Gwg;glj; jahuhdTld; fjT ,Uf%btplNtz;Lk; vd;gJ tpkhdtpay; tpjp.

,jw;F GNuhf;uhk; 1980 – 1990 fspy; fPo;fz;lthW vOjpdhu;fs;

00001 Muk;gk;

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10834 tpkhdk; epd;Wtpl;lJ. tup 11500 f;Fr;nry;

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11500 fjT jpwj;jy; Miz  (fjT jpwf;Fk; Kiw tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

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13456 tpkhdk; Gwg;glj; jahuptpl;lJ tup 15345f;F nry;

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15245 fjit ,Uf;f %Lk; Miz. (fjT %Lk; Kiw tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

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Nkw;fz;lthW vOJtjpy; Vfg;gl;l gpur;ridfs;.
cjhuzkhf
13456 tpkhdk; Gwg;glj; jahuptpl;lJ tup 15345f;F nry;
vd;w rq;Nfjj;jpw;F gjpy;
13456 tpkhdk; Gwg;glj; jahuhfptpl;lJ. tup 11500 f;Fr;nry;
vd;W jtWjyhf vOjptpl;lhy;? tpkhdk; Gwg;glj;Jtq;fpaTld; fjT jpwe;J nfhs;Sk;…! tpkhdk; vd;why; $l fjT jtWjyha; jpwe;jTld; epWj;Jtplyhk;. mZ ciyf;F ,g;gb GNuhf;uhk; jtWjyha; vOjptpl;lhy;? ]hup nrhy;y$l KbahJ.

mjw;F tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;. mLj;jLj;j gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd tupfs; ,Ug;gjpy; jtW vspjhf elf;f tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;.

jw;NghJ 1990 fspd; kj;jpapy; jdpahu; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; xt;nthU nra;jpahf ,uz;L Ngu; khwp khwp thrpg;gJ Nghy; xt;nthU tpraj;ijAk; gFjpahf gFjpahf vOjg;gLfpwJ

etPd GNuhf;uhk;fs;

tpkhdk; epd;Wtpl;lJ

      fjT jpwf;Fk; Miz()

tpkhdk; Gwg;glj;Jtq;fptpl;lJ

      fjT %Lk; Miz() 

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fjT jpwf;Fk; Miz () { (fjT jpwf;Fk; Kiw tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

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}

fjT %Lk; Miz () {  (fjT %Lk; Kiw tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

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}

( ) vd;W ePqfs; ghu;j;jPu;fshdhy; mJ Miz - Functions - vd;W nghUs; nfhs;f… GNuhf;uhk; rptg;G vOj;jpy; rha;ntOj;jpy; ,dpNky; Fwpg;gpLNtd;…

,t;thW tup vz;fs; Fwpg;gplg;glhJ NehufNt Mizfis (Functions) miof;fg;gLtjhy;> jtWfs; ngUksT Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. VNjDk; jtWfs; epfo;e;Jtpl;lhy; rupghu;g;gJ vspJ
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ghlk; 1: vz;fs;
vz;fs; kdpjdpd; kpf mw;Gjkhd fz;Lgpbg;G. vz;fs; gytifg;gLk; - ,e;jpa vz;fs;> Nuhkhdpa vz;fs;> igdup vz;fs; vd;W ePz;l tupir cs;sJ. vdpDk; ,e;jpa vz;fs; cynfq;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l KiwahFk;

1> 2> 3> 4 … - ,e;jpa vz;fs;

I, II, III, IV, V, VI… - Nuhkhdpa vz;fs;

0> 1 - ,it ,uz;Lk; igdup vz;fs;

vz;fs; mstPLfSf;F mbg;gilahf cs;sJ. vz;fis KO vz;fshfr; nrhy;yyhk;. jrk vz;fshfr; nrhy;yyhk;> gpd;dkhfr; nrhy;yyhk;… ntapl;… ,tw;wpw;nfy;yhk; tpsf;fk; Ntz;Lkh?
,z;B[u;
  1. ehd; 4 Kiw GJ jpy;yp nrd;wpUf;fpNwd;. - ,q;F KOvz;fisj;jhd; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ,y;iyah?

ehd; %d;wiu Kiw GJ jpy;ypf;F nrd;Nwd; vd;W ehd; nrhd;dhy;> ,NjhL fk;a+l;liu mizj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;WtpLtPu;fs;. Mf rpy ,lq;fspy; miu> fhy;> Kf;fhy; vd;w nrhw;fs; Ntiyf;F MfhJ. KOvz;fs;jhd; cgNahfpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; INTEGER (,z;B[u;) vd;W ngau;.

  1. kJiuf;F ,isahd;FbapypUe;J 5 g];fs; nry;fpd;wd. (ehyiu Ie;jiu g]; vd;nwy;yhk; $wKbahJ)
  2. vd;dplk; 2 iff;fbfhuq;fs; cs;sd.
  3. 4 nry;Nghd; khly;fs; New;W ntspte;Js;sd.

Nkw;fz;ltw;wpy; KOvz;fis kl;LNk cgNahfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,dpNky; ,jid INTEGER vd;Nw miof;fyhk;

/g;Nshl;

,g;Ngh…filapy; rPdp thq;fr;nry;fpwPu;fs;. vg;gb filf;fhuuplk; Nfl;gPu;fs;? 1 fpNyh my;yJ 1.25 fpNyh my;yJ 1.5 fpNyh vd;nwy;yhk; nrhy;ypf;Nfl;gPu;fs;. ,y;iyah? ,q;F KOvz;fshd 1 (fpNyhitAk;) gad;gLj;JfpwPu;fs;. Gs;spitj;j (jrk) vz;fshd 1.25 (xd;Nd fhy; fpNyh) my;yJ 1.5 (xd;diwf; fpNyh) vd;Wk; gad;gLj;JtPu;fs;. ,g;gb KOvz;fis jrk vz;fshfg; gad;gLj;Jtij /g;Nshl; (Float) vz;fs; vd;W nrhy;YNthk;.

,gNghJ ,uz;L vz;fs; Kiwiag;gw;wp fw;Wf;nfhz;Bu;fs;…

mLj;J g+ypaz; (ngau;jhd; gaq;fhl;Lk;; Mdhy; kpfTk; rhJ)

g+ypad;

rup… g+ypad; vd;gJ Mkhth…? ,y;iyah…? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F gjpy; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; fk;a+l;lUf;F GupAk;. cjhuzkhf “ePq;fs; ey;ytuh nfl;ltuh” vd;W Nfl;lhy; “N`h…” vd;W ngUq;FunyLj;J mof;$lhJ. “Mkhk;” my;yJ “,y;iy” vd;Nw gjpy; $wNtz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; g+ypad;.

vz;fis fk;g;a+l;lupy; tiuaWf;Fk; Kiw

vz;fis GNuhf;Nuhkpy; Fwpg;gjw;F rpy tiuaiwfs; cs;sJ

g+ypad; (boolean) vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhy; - 0 my;yJ 1 vd;W Fwpg;gpLtJ tof;fk;. mjhtJ 0 vd;why; ,y;iy. 1 vd;why; Mk; vd;W mu;j;jk; nfhs;syhk;.

igl; (byte) vd;W tiuaWj;jhy; 0 ypUe;J 255 tiujhd; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. mjhtJ $ilapy; 256 Kl;ilfs; tiu ,Uf;f tha;g;Gfs; cz;L vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. mq;F igl; vd;W vz;fis tiuaWf;ff;$lhJ. cq;fshy; 255 tiujhd; vz;zKbAk;.

Sbyte vd;W igl;il tiuaWj;jPu;fs; vd;why; -128 ypUe;J 124 tiu vz;fis Fwpg;gplyhk;. cjhuzkhf ];tpl;ru;yhe;jpd; thdpiyia gw;wp VNjh GNuhf;uhk; vOJfpwPu;fs; vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. mg;NghJ igl; vd;W vz;fis tiuaWf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; ];tpl;ru;yhe;jpy; -5 bfpup nry;]pa]; ntg;gepiy epyt tha;g;G cz;L. ntWk; igl; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Bu;fnsdpy; 0 Kjy; 255 tiujhd; Fwpg;gplKbAk;. vdNt sbyte vd;W tiuaWf;fyhk;. mg;NghJ ];tp]py; -25 bfpuptiu ntg;gepiy nrd;whYk; ftiyg;glj; Njitapy;iy.

Char vd;W xU tiuaWf;Fk; Kiw cz;L. ,jpy; Mq;fpy vOj;J a ypUe;J z tiu Fwpg;gplyhk;. vz;fisAk; 0 ypUe;J 65535 tiu Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,t;thW tiuaWg;gjpy; vd;d gad;? ,g;NghJ kJiuapy; ngupahu; epiyaj;jpypUe;J GJhu; epiyj;jpw;F vd;d g];fs; nry;Yk;? 2> 2A> 2B Mfpait (2008 –d; epytug;gb) XLfpwd. igl;> g+ypad; Mfpait Ntiyf;F MfhJ. Char kpfTk; gad;gLk; xU tiuaiw.

Short vd;W vz;fis tiuaWj;jhy; - -32768 to 32767 tiuAs;s vz;tupiria Fwpg;gplyhk;

decimal vd;W VNjDk; tiuaWj;jhy; ngupa mstpy; vz;fis Fwpf;fyhk;. mjhtJ -79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 ypUe;J 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 tiu.

Double vd;W tiuaWj;jhy; -1.79769313486232e308 to 1.79769313486232e308 tiuAk; float vd;W tiuaWj;jhy; -3.402823e38 to 3.402823e38 tiuAk; Fwpf;fyhk;. ,J vjw;F? tpz;ntsp gw;wpa GNuhf;uhk; vOjpdhNyh my;yJ flw;fiuapy; vj;jid kzy; Jfs;fs; vd;W vz;zpdhNyh> my;yJ NeNdhnlf;dhy[papy; xU nghUspy; vj;jid mZf;fs; vd;W vz;Zk; gzpf;F GNuhf;uhk; vOjpdhNyh ,e;j tiuaiw kpfTk; gads;sit.

mNj Nghy; Nkw;fz;l tifia Nghd;W fPo;fz;l 5 tiffisAk; ,lj;jpw;F Vw;g gad; gLj;jyhk;.

Ushort

0 to 65535

 

Int

-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

Uint

0 to 4,294,967,295

 

Long

-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

Ulong

0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615





 
Nkw;fz;ltw;iw cl;fhu;e;J kdg;ghlk; vy;yhk; nra;aNtz;lhk;! ehk; GNuhf;uhk; vOj vOj gofptpLk;.
 
,ijg; gad;gLj;jp GNuhf;uhk; vg;gb vOJtJ? 10 Mf];l; re;jpf;Fk; NghJ ghu;f;fyhk;. mg;NghJ cq;fs; fk;a+l;lupy; C, C++ my;yJ c# ,tw;wpy; VNjDk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
 
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பகுதி1
 
kpfTk; vspikahf ]hg;l;Ntu; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? fk;a+l;lu; ,af;fj; njupe;jhNy NghJk;. ikf;Nuh]hg;l; M/gp]py; ey;y gapw;rp cz;L vd;why;> ]hg;l;Ntu; fw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; Mu;tKk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghJk;. 
 
]hg;l;Ntu; g;Nuhf;uhkpq; VNjh MCA, BSc, BE, MSc gbj;jtu;fs; kl;LNk vOj KbAk; vd;w jtwhd vz;zj;ij Kjypy; tpl;nlhopAq;fs;! ngq;fSupy; cs;s ]hg;l;Ntu; epWtdq;fspy; rkPj;jpy; g;Nuhf;uhk; vOj ahiuf; $g;gpLfpwhu;fs; njupAkh? 12 k; tFg;G Njwpa Mu;tKs;s khztu;fisj; jhd;. 
 
jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; njhlu;e;J nfhLf;fg;gLk; gapw;rpiaAk; nra;jhNy NghJk;. ePq;fSk; g;Nuhf;uhk; vOjyhk;. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; ,y;iynad;why; vj;jid Kiw MCA, BSc, BE, MSc  gbj;jhYk; g;Nuhf;uhk; vOjKbahJ. g;Nuhf;uhk;  vOJtJ vd;gJ rhjhuz eilKiw tho;tpy; ehk; Nahrpf;Fk; Kiwia Nghd;Wjhd;! - fhkd; n]d;]; taJ tpj;jpahrk;> gbg;G , njhopy; Mfpait vJthf ,Uf;fl;Lk;. guthapy;iy. ikf;Nuh]hg;l; M/gp]; vg;gb Mu;tj;Jld; fw;wPu;fNsh mJ NghyNt ,e;j g;Nuhf;uhikAk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. Mf vy;yhuhYk; Kf;fpakhf ,e;jpau;fshy; epr;rakhf KbAk; 
 
g;Nuhf;uhk; vOj cq;fSf;F vd;d Njit?  
 
jd;dk;gpf;if>  Mu;tk;>  gapw;rpapid njhlu;e;J nra;jy;>
 
fk;a+l;lu; - 60 GB Hard Disc, 500 MB RAM,    VISUAL STUDIO - (]hg;l;Ntu; njupe;jtu;fisf; nfhz;L cq;fs; fk;a+l;lupy; ,d;];lhy; nra;aTk;) vd;d re;Njfk; vd;whYk; clNd njhlu;G nfhs;sTk;. (info@ilayangudikural.com)  
 
vd;d fw;Wf;nfhs;s NghfpNwhk;?   
 
,ij ghu;j;J gae;Jtpl Ntz;lhk;.  fPNo cs;sit Vw;fdNt cq;fSf;F gupr;rakhdJ jhd;… Rk;kh thu;j;ijfs; jhd; GupahJ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;…
 
1.      ]h/g;l;Ntupy; vz;fis vg;gb vOJtJ?  
2.    ]h/g;l;Ntupy; vOj;JfisAk;> FwpfisAk; vg;gb vOJtJ?   
3.    f;sh]; kw;Wk; ];l;uf;ru;fs; vd;why; vd;d?   
4.    vDhkNurd;   
5.    jtW ,iof;fhky; vOJtJ   
6.    nlypNfl;]; kw;Wk; <td;l;];   
7.    Nll;lh mikg;G  
8.    igy; rp];lk;   
9.    nel;nthu;fpq; kw;Wk; ghJfhj;jy;   
10.  j;ul;bq
 
,Jtiu epq;fs; xU Kd;Diunaa; ghu;j;jpu;fs; fPo; fhZk; ypq;f; I fpspf; nra;J lTd; Nyhl; nra;J gbf;fTk;

 
jkpopy; KO Gj;jfk; lTd;Nyhl; nra;J nfhs;sTk;
 
Kbtpy; epq;fSk; xU rhg;l;Ntu; g;Nuhf;uhku;   tho;j;Jf;fs;